Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common hormonal disorder that affects people with ovaries, often during their reproductive years. Women with PCOS may not ovulate, have high levels of androgens, and have many small cysts on the ovaries.

PCOS is primarily characterized by an imbalance in sex hormones, particularly an excess of androgens (male hormones) such as testosterone, and a decrease in female hormones like estrogen and progesterone. Women with PCOS often have irregular or absent menstrual periods due to the hormonal imbalance, which can lead to infertility.

Irregular Menstrual Periods, Heavy Menstrual Bleeding, Amenorrhea and Ovulation Problems are some symptoms of PCOS. Hirsutism which means excessive hair growth in areas where men typically grow hair, such as the face, chest, and back, is a common symptom of PCOS. Acne and Skin Changes, Hair Loss and Weight Gain are also resulted from PCOS. Mood swings, fatigue, sleeping problems and symptoms of depression and anxiety can be associated with PCOS. Many people with PCOS also have insulin resistance, which means their bodies have trouble using insulin effectively. This can lead to high blood sugar levels and an increased risk of type 2 diabetes. PCOS is associated with metabolic complications, including obesity, high blood pressure, and abnormal cholesterol levels, which can increase the risk of heart disease.

Treatment for PCOS focuses on managing symptoms and addressing underlying hormonal imbalances. It may include lifestyle changes such as weight management through diet and exercise, hormonal birth control to regulate menstrual cycles, anti-androgen medications to manage hirsutism and acne, and medications to improve insulin sensitivity.

Nutrition plays a crucial role in managing polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Individuals suffer from PCOS should focus on a balanced diet that includes a variety of nutrient-rich foods from all food groups, including whole grains, lean proteins, healthy fats, fruits, and vegetables. As PCOS cause insulin resistance low-GI foods should be chosen to help stabilize blood sugar levels. Complex carbohydrates can be consumed instead for sugars. Lean protein sources should be included in diet, such as chicken, turkey, fish, tofu, and legumes. Protein can help to feel full and reduce cravings for sugary snacks. Consuming sources of healthy fats, such as avocados, nuts, seeds, and olive oil are recommended for PCOS. These fats can help with hormone regulation and insulin sensitivity. Some women with PCOS may benefit from reducing or eliminating dairy products, as dairy can contain hormones that may exacerbate hormonal imbalances. As alternatives almond or soy milk can be consumed. Caffeine and alcohol consumption should be limited, as excessive intake can affect hormone balance and disrupt sleep patterns. If suffering from overweight, weight management plan should be followed with the instruction of registered dietitian.